ABSTRACT
El siglo XXI viene con un desarrollo tecnológico que cambia, se renueva y mejora, de acuerdo a los requerimientos de la sociedad y empresas. Este artículo tiene como fin analizar la modalidad de trabajo, denominada teletrabajo en el Ecuador, examinar la normativa legal para aplicarlo en el sector empresarial, determinar su evolución durante la pandemia sanitaria COVID-19 decretada por el Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, Director de la Organización Mundial de la Salud el 11 de marzo de 2020 y verificar los efectos de su aplicación. La metodología utilizada fue bibliográfica-documental a través del análisis a la normativa legal, textos, artículos, datos y estadísticas publicadas por el estado ecuatoriano y otros materiales relacionados con el tema. Se obtuvo como resultados que esta modalidad de trabajo contribuyó a salvar 63.200 empleos aproximadamente, a sostener parcialmente las empresas, incrementó el acoso y abuso laboral por parte de los empleadores, falta de infraestructura física, fallas en los sistemas de conexión y/o transferencia de datos, entre otros. Se concluyó, que el teletrabajo, implementado de forma obligatoria en el año 2020, es una alternativa laboral efectiva en el sector empresarial, posee suficiente normativa legal vigente en el país y protegió la salud de los habitantes ecuatorianos.Alternate abstract:The 21st century comes with a technological development that changes, renews and improves, according to the requirements of society and companies. This article aims to analyze the work modality, called teleworking in Ecuador, examine the legal regulations to apply it in the business sector, determine its evolution during the COVID-19 health pandemic decreed by Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, Director of the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020 and verify the effects of its application. The methodology used was bibliographic-documentary through the analysis of the legal regulations, texts, articles, data and statistics published by the Ecuadorian state and other materials related to the subject. The results were obtained that this type of work contributed to save approximately 63,200 jobs, partially sustaining companies, increased workplace harassment and abuse by employers, lack of physical infrastructure, failures in connection systems and / or transfer of data, among others. It was concluded that telework, implemented on a mandatory basis in 2020, is an effective work alternative in the business sector, has sufficient legal regulations in force in the country and protected the health of the Ecuadorian inhabitants.
ABSTRACT
Airborne transmission is predicted to be a prevalent route of human exposure with SARS-CoV-2. Aside from African green monkeys, nonhuman primate models that replicate airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 have not been investigated. A comparative evaluation of COVID-19 in African green monkeys, rhesus macaques, and cynomolgus macaques following airborne exposure to SARS-CoV-2 was performed to determine critical disease parameters associated with disease progression, and establish correlations between primate and human COVID-19. Respiratory abnormalities and viral shedding were noted for all animals, indicating successful infection. Cynomolgus macaques developed fever, and thrombocytopenia was measured for African green monkeys and rhesus macaques. Type II pneumocyte hyperplasia and alveolar fibrosis were more frequently observed in lung tissue from cynomolgus macaques and African green monkeys. The data indicate that, in addition to African green monkeys, macaques can be successfully infected by airborne SARS-CoV-2, providing viable macaque natural transmission models for medical countermeasure evaluation.